Aura was a single personification and the Titan-goddess of the breeze and the fresh, cool air of early morning, in Greek Mythology. She was a maiden deity and a companion of Artemis who took great pride in her virginity.
Genealogy and Family[]
According to Nonnus, Aura is the daughter of the Titan Lelantos and the Oceanid, Periboia, but other accounts claim her as the daughter of Cybele. By Dionysus, she is the mother of Iacchus.
Myths/Stories[]
In the Dionysiaca by Nonnus she is described as a resident of Phrygia and an important companion of the Goddess Artemis. During a hunting trip with Artemis, the two stopped for a break to swim. Here Aura voiced her doubt of Artemis' virginity due to her more feminine figure including her fuller breasts and proclaimed that a woman with a body like her's could not possibly be a virgin, Aura also asserted herself over Artemis for her more masculine figure including her smaller breasts, like a man's. This angered Artemis who visited Nemesis, the Goddess of Retribution to punish Aura, who promised Artemis would get her revenge, Nemesis then contacted Eros, who aimed a love arrow at Dionysus, which made Dionysus fall helplessly in love with Aura. But knowing that he will never be able to seduce the obdurately virginal Aura, Dionysus drugs Aura with wine, ties her up, and rapes her while she is unconscious and unmoving. When Aura awakes, discovering she is no longer a virgin, but not knowing who is responsible, enraged, she "made empty the huts of the mountain ranging herdsmen and drenched the hills with blood". After a painful labour, Aura gives birth to twin boys. She gives them to a lioness to eat, but it refuses to do so. So Aura seizes one of the boys, flings it high into the air, and after it falls back to hit the ground, she eats it. However, Artemis spirits the other child safely away. Aura then drowns herself in the river Sangarios, where Zeus turned her into a spring:
her breasts became the spouts of falling water, the stream was her body, the flowers her hair, her bow the horn of the horned River in bull-shape, the bowstring changed into a rush and the whistling arrows into vocal reeds, the quiver passed through to the muddy bed of the river and, changed to a hollow channel, poured its sounding waters.
According to Nonnus, Aura's surviving child by Dionysus, is Iacchus, a minor deity connected with the Eleusinian mysteries, although other accounts have Iacchus, when not identified with Dionysus himself, the son of Demeter or Persephone.
Ovid[]
The Augustan poet Ovid, in the Ars Amatoria and again in the Metamorphoses, introduces Aura into the tragic story of Cephalus and Procris, perhaps playing on the verbal similarity of Aura and Aurora, the Roman goddess of the dawn (Greek Eos), who was Cephalus' lover.
In the Metamorphoses, Ovid has Cephalus tell how it was his habit, that after finishing a hunt, he would seek out the cooling breeze:
"I wooed the breeze, blowing gently on me in my heat; the breeze I waited for. She was my labour’s rest. ‘Come, Aura,’ I remember I used to cry, ‘come soothe me; come into my breast, most welcome one, and, as indeed you do, relieve the heat with which I burn.’ Perhaps I would add, for so my fates drew me on, more endearments, and say: ‘Thou art my greatest joy; thou dost refresh and comfort me; thou makest me to love the woods and solitary places. It is ever my joy to feel thy breath upon my face.'
But one day, as Cephalus tells: "Some one overhearing these words was deceived by their double meaning; and, thinking that the word ‘Aura’ so often on my lips was a nymph’s name, was convinced that I was in love with some nymph." When Cephalus' words were reported to his wife Procris, she was stricken with grief and fear, over, according to Cephalus, a "mere nothing" and "an empty name". The next day after a successful morning's hunt, Cephalus cried out again: "Come, Aura, come and soothe my toil" but when he said this Cephalus thought he heard a groan and called out: "Come, dearest". Then hearing the rustle of leaves, he threw his javelin, at what he thought was some animal, but was instead Procris, who had come to spy on her husband. With her dying breath Procris says: "By the union of our love, by the gods above and my own gods, by all that I have done for you, and by the love that still I bear you in my dying hour, the cause of my own death, I beg you, do not let this Aura take my place." And Cephalus says: "And then I knew at last that it was a mistake in the name"
Personality and Appearance[]
She was referred to as "Aura the Windmaid", as fast as the wind, "the mountain maiden of Rhyndacos", a "manlike" virgin, "who knew nothing of Aphrodite", and huntress, who "ran down the wild bear" and "ravening lions", and "kept aloof from the notions of unwarlike maids". Her body lacked curves and she had a small chest. Nonnus further described her:
"Then [Dionysus] left the halls of Pallene and Thracian Boreas, and went on to Rheia’s house, where the divine court of the prolific Cybele stood on Phrygian soil. There grew Aura the mountain maiden of Rhyndacos, and hunted over the foothills of rocky Dindymon. She was yet unacquainted with love, a comrade of the Archeress. She kept aloof from the notions of unwarlike maids, like a younger Artemis, this daughter of Lelantos; for the father of this stormfoot girl was ancient Lelantos the Titan, who wedded Periboia, a daughter of Oceanos; a manlike maid she was, who knew nothing of Aphrodite. She grew up taller than her years mates, a lovely rosy-armed thing, ever a friend of the hills. Often in hunting she ran down the wild bear, and sent her swift lance shooting against the lioness, but she slew no prickets and shot no hares. No, she carried her tawny quiver to shoot down hillranging tribes of ravening lions, with her shafts that were death to wild beasts. Her name was like her doings: Aura the Windmaid could run most swiftly, keeping pace with the highland winds.
Trivia[]
Aura is a first cousin to Artemis, as Aura's father Lelantos is the brother of Artemis' mother, Leto.
Aura's name means "Breeze" and is spelt as Αὔρα, or Αὔρη in Greek.
The female figure carried by the God Zephyrus in Sandro Botticelli's painting the "Birth of Venus" is sometimes identified as Aura.
Aura is very similar to the goddess Palaestra, in personality, both of them being described as masculine strong women in both looks and nature, who have a penchant for physical activity.